krb5.conf(feed) - phpMan

KRB5.CONF(5)                     MIT Kerberos                     KRB5.CONF(5)

NAME
       krb5.conf - Kerberos configuration file
       The krb5.conf file contains Kerberos configuration information, includ-
       ing the locations of KDCs and admin servers for the Kerberos realms  of
       interest, defaults for the current realm and for Kerberos applications,
       and mappings of hostnames onto Kerberos realms.  Normally,  you  should
       install  your  krb5.conf  file in the directory /etc.  You can override
       the default location by setting the environment  variable  KRB5_CONFIG.
       Multiple colon-separated filenames may be specified in KRB5_CONFIG; all
       files which are present will be read.  Starting in release 1.14, direc-
       tory  names  can also be specified in KRB5_CONFIG; all files within the
       directory  whose  names  consist  solely  of  alphanumeric  characters,
       dashes, or underscores will be read.
STRUCTURE
       The  krb5.conf file is set up in the style of a Windows INI file.  Sec-
       tions are headed by the section name, in square brackets.  Each section
       may contain zero or more relations, of the form:
          foo = bar
       or:
          fubar = {
              foo = bar
              baz = quux
          }
       Placing  a  '*'  at  the end of a line indicates that this is the final
       value for the tag.  This means that neither the remainder of this  con-
       figuration  file  nor  any other configuration file will be checked for
       any other values for this tag.
       For example, if you have the following lines:
          foo = bar*
          foo = baz
       then the second value of foo (baz) would never be read.
       The krb5.conf file can include other files using either of the  follow-
       ing directives at the beginning of a line:
          include FILENAME
          includedir DIRNAME
       FILENAME  or  DIRNAME  should  be  an  absolute path. The named file or
       directory must exist and be readable.  Including a  directory  includes
       all  files  within the directory whose names consist solely of alphanu-
       meric characters, dashes, or underscores.  Starting  in  release  1.15,
       files  with  names ending in ".conf" are also included, unless the name
       begins with ".".  Included profile files are syntactically  independent
       of  their  parents,  so  each  included  file must begin with a section
       header.  Starting in release  1.17,  files  are  read  in  alphanumeric
       order; in previous releases, they may be read in any order.
       The  krb5.conf  file  can specify that configuration should be obtained
       from a loadable module, rather than the file itself, using the  follow-
       ing directive at the beginning of a line before any section headers:
          module MODULEPATH:RESIDUAL
       MODULEPATH  may  be  relative to the library path of the krb5 installa-
       tion, or it may be an absolute path.  RESIDUAL is provided to the  mod-
       ule  at  initialization  time.   If  krb5.conf uses a module directive,
       kdc.conf(5) should also use one if it exists.
SECTIONS
       The krb5.conf file may contain the following sections:
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
                    |[libdefaults]  | Settings used by the  Ker- |
                    |               | beros V5 library           |
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
                    |[realms]       | Realm-specific     contact |
                    |               | information and settings   |
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
                    |[domain_realm] | Maps server  hostnames  to |
                    |               | Kerberos realms            |
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
                    |[capaths]      | Authentication  paths  for |
                    |               | non-hierarchical           |
                    |               | cross-realm                |
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
                    |[appdefaults]  | Settings used by some Ker- |
                    |               | beros V5 applications      |
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
                    |[plugins]      | Controls   plugin   module |
                    |               | registration               |
                    +---------------+----------------------------+
       Additionally,  krb5.conf  may include any of the relations described in
       kdc.conf(5), but it is not a recommended practice.
   [libdefaults]
       The libdefaults section may contain any of the following relations:
       allow_weak_crypto
              If this flag is set to false, then  weak  encryption  types  (as
              noted  in  Encryption_types in kdc.conf(5)) will be filtered out
              of the  lists  default_tgs_enctypes,  default_tkt_enctypes,  and
              permitted_enctypes.   The  default  value for this tag is false,
              which may cause authentication failures in existing Kerberos in-
              frastructures  that  do  not  support  strong  crypto.  Users in
              affected environments should set this tag to  true  until  their
              infrastructure adopts stronger ciphers.
       ap_req_checksum_type
              An integer which specifies the type of AP-REQ checksum to use in
              authenticators.  This variable should be unset so the  appropri-
              ate  checksum  for the encryption key in use will be used.  This
              can be set if backward compatibility requires a specific  check-
              sum  type.   See  the kdc_req_checksum_type configuration option
              for the possible values and their meanings.
       canonicalize
              If this flag is set to true, initial ticket requests to the  KDC
              will  request canonicalization of the client principal name, and
              answers with different  client  principals  than  the  requested
              principal will be accepted.  The default value is false.
       ccache_type
              This  parameter  determines the format of credential cache types
              created by kinit(1) or other programs.  The default value is  4,
              which represents the most current format.  Smaller values can be
              used for compatibility with very old implementations of Kerberos
              which interact with credential caches on the same host.
       clockskew
              Sets  the  maximum allowable amount of clockskew in seconds that
              the library will tolerate before assuming that a  Kerberos  mes-
              sage is invalid.  The default value is 300 seconds, or five min-
              utes.
              The clockskew setting is also used when evaluating ticket  start
              and  expiration  times.   For example, tickets that have reached
              their expiration time can still be used (and renewed if they are
              renewable tickets) if they have been expired for a shorter dura-
              tion than the clockskew setting.
       default_ccache_name
              This relation specifies  the  name  of  the  default  credential
              cache.   The  default is FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_%{uid}.  This relation
              is subject to parameter expansion (see below).  New  in  release
              1.11.
       default_client_keytab_name
              This  relation  specifies  the  name  of  the default keytab for
              obtaining client credentials.   The  default  is  FILE:/var/ker-
              beros/krb5/user/%{euid}/client.keytab.  This relation is subject
              to parameter expansion (see below).  New in release 1.11.
       default_keytab_name
              This relation specifies the default keytab name to  be  used  by
              application    servers   such   as   sshd.    The   default   is
              FILE:/etc/krb5.keytab.  This relation is  subject  to  parameter
              expansion (see below).
       default_realm
              Identifies  the  default Kerberos realm for the client.  Set its
              value to your Kerberos realm.  If this value is not set, then  a
              realm  must  be  specified  with  every  Kerberos principal when
              invoking programs such as kinit(1).
       default_tgs_enctypes
              Identifies the supported list of session  key  encryption  types
              that  the  client should request when making a TGS-REQ, in order
              of preference from highest to lowest.  The list may be delimited
              with  commas or whitespace.  See Encryption_types in kdc.conf(5)
              for a list of the accepted values for  this  tag.   The  default
              value    is    aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96   aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96
              des3-cbc-sha1   arcfour-hmac-md5   camellia256-cts-cmac   camel-
              lia128-cts-cmac  des-cbc-crc  des-cbc-md5  des-cbc-md4, but sin-
              gle-DES encryption types will be implicitly  removed  from  this
              list if the value of allow_weak_crypto is false.
              Do  not  set this unless required for specific backward compati-
              bility purposes;  stale  values  of  this  setting  can  prevent
              clients  from taking advantage of new stronger enctypes when the
              libraries are upgraded.
       default_tkt_enctypes
              Identifies the supported list of session  key  encryption  types
              that  the  client should request when making an AS-REQ, in order
              of preference from highest to lowest.  The format is the same as
              for  default_tgs_enctypes.   The  default  value for this tag is
              aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96  aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96   des3-cbc-sha1
              arcfour-hmac-md5    camellia256-cts-cmac    camellia128-cts-cmac
              des-cbc-crc des-cbc-md5 des-cbc-md4, but  single-DES  encryption
              types  will be implicitly removed from this list if the value of
              allow_weak_crypto is false.
              Do not set this unless required for specific  backward  compati-
              bility  purposes;  stale  values  of  this  setting  can prevent
              clients from taking advantage of new stronger enctypes when  the
              libraries are upgraded.
       dns_canonicalize_hostname
              Indicate whether name lookups will be used to canonicalize host-
              names for use in service principal names.  Setting this flag  to
              false  can  improve  security  by  reducing reliance on DNS, but
              means  that  short  hostnames  will  not  be  canonicalized   to
              fully-qualified hostnames.  The default value is true.
       dns_lookup_kdc
              Indicate  whether  DNS  SRV records should be used to locate the
              KDCs and other servers for a realm, if they are  not  listed  in
              the  krb5.conf  information  for  the  realm.   (Note  that  the
              admin_server entry must be in the krb5.conf realm information in
              order  to  contact  kadmind,  because the DNS implementation for
              kadmin is incomplete.)
              Enabling this option does open up a  type  of  denial-of-service
              attack,  if  someone spoofs the DNS records and redirects you to
              another server.  However, it's no worse than a  denial  of  ser-
              vice,  because  that  fake KDC will be unable to decode anything
              you send it (besides the initial ticket request,  which  has  no
              encrypted  data),  and  anything  the fake KDC sends will not be
              trusted without verification using some  secret  that  it  won't
              know.
       dns_uri_lookup
              Indicate  whether  DNS  URI records should be used to locate the
              KDCs and other servers for a realm, if they are  not  listed  in
              the  krb5.conf  information for the realm.  SRV records are used
              as a fallback if no URI records were found.  The  default  value
              is true.  New in release 1.15.
       err_fmt
              This  relation allows for custom error message formatting.  If a
              value is set, error messages will be formatted by substituting a
              normal  error  message  for  %M  and an error code for %C in the
              value.
       extra_addresses
              This allows a computer to use multiple local addresses, in order
              to  allow  Kerberos  to  work  in a network that uses NATs while
              still using address-restricted tickets.  The addresses should be
              in  a  comma-separated list.  This option has no effect if noad-
              dresses is true.
       forwardable
              If this flag is true, initial tickets  will  be  forwardable  by
              default, if allowed by the KDC.  The default value is false.
       ignore_acceptor_hostname
              When  accepting  GSSAPI or krb5 security contexts for host-based
              service principals, ignore any hostname passed  by  the  calling
              application,  and  allow  clients to authenticate to any service
              principal in the keytab matching the service name and realm name
              (if  given).   This option can improve the administrative flexi-
              bility of server applications on  multihomed  hosts,  but  could
              compromise  the  security  of virtual hosting environments.  The
              default value is false.  New in release 1.10.
       k5login_authoritative
              If this flag is true, principals  must  be  listed  in  a  local
              user's k5login file to be granted login access, if a .k5login(5)
              file exists.  If this flag is false, a principal  may  still  be
              granted  login access through other mechanisms even if a k5login
              file exists but does not list the principal.  The default  value
              is true.
       k5login_directory
              If  set,  the  library will look for a local user's k5login file
              within the named directory, with a filename corresponding to the
              local  username.   If not set, the library will look for k5login
              files in the user's home directory, with the filename  .k5login.
              For  security reasons, .k5login files must be owned by the local
              user or by root.
       kcm_mach_service
              On OS X only, determines the name of the bootstrap service  used
              to contact the KCM daemon for the KCM credential cache type.  If
              the value is -, Mach RPC will not be used  to  contact  the  KCM
              daemon.  The default value is org.h5l.kcm.
       kcm_socket
              Determines the path to the Unix domain socket used to access the
              KCM daemon for the KCM credential cache type.  If the  value  is
              -,  Unix domain sockets will not be used to contact the KCM dae-
              mon.  The default value is /var/run/.heim_org.h5l.kcm-socket.
       kdc_default_options
              Default KDC options (Xored for multiple values) when  requesting
              initial   tickets.    By   default   it  is  set  to  0x00000010
              (KDC_OPT_RENEWABLE_OK).
       kdc_timesync
              Accepted values for this relation are 1 or 0.  If it is nonzero,
              client  machines  will compute the difference between their time
              and the time returned by the KDC in the timestamps in the  tick-
              ets and use this value to correct for an inaccurate system clock
              when requesting service tickets or authenticating  to  services.
              This  corrective factor is only used by the Kerberos library; it
              is not used to change the system clock.  The default value is 1.
       kdc_req_checksum_type
              An integer which specifies the type of checksum to use  for  the
              KDC  requests,  for  compatibility with very old KDC implementa-
              tions.  This value is only used for DES keys; other keys use the
              preferred checksum type for those keys.
              The possible values and their meanings are as follows.
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |1    | CRC32                      |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |2    | RSA MD4                    |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |3    | RSA MD4 DES                |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |4    | DES CBC                    |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |7    | RSA MD5                    |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |8    | RSA MD5 DES                |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |9    | NIST SHA                   |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
                            |12   | HMAC SHA1 DES3             |
                            +-----+----------------------------+

                            |-138 | Microsoft  MD5 HMAC check- |
                            |     | sum type                   |
                            +-----+----------------------------+
       noaddresses
              If this flag is true, requests for initial tickets will  not  be
              made  with  address restrictions set, allowing the tickets to be
              used across NATs.  The default value is true.
       permitted_enctypes
              Identifies all encryption types that are permitted  for  use  in
              session  key  encryption.   The  default  value  for this tag is
              aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96  aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96   des3-cbc-sha1
              arcfour-hmac-md5    camellia256-cts-cmac    camellia128-cts-cmac
              des-cbc-crc des-cbc-md5 des-cbc-md4, but  single-DES  encryption
              types  will be implicitly removed from this list if the value of
              allow_weak_crypto is false.
       plugin_base_dir
              If set, determines the base directory  where  krb5  plugins  are
              located.   The default value is the krb5/plugins subdirectory of
              the krb5 library directory.
       preferred_preauth_types
              This allows you to set  the  preferred  preauthentication  types
              which  the client will attempt before others which may be adver-
              tised by a KDC.  The default value for this setting is "17,  16,
              15,  14", which forces libkrb5 to attempt to use PKINIT if it is
              supported.
       proxiable
              If this flag is true,  initial  tickets  will  be  proxiable  by
              default, if allowed by the KDC.  The default value is false.
       rdns   If  this flag is true, reverse name lookup will be used in addi-
              tion to forward name lookup to canonicalizing hostnames for  use
              in service principal names.  If dns_canonicalize_hostname is set
              to false, this flag has no effect.  The default value is true.
       realm_try_domains
              Indicate whether a host's domain components should  be  used  to
              determine  the  Kerberos  realm  of the host.  The value of this
              variable is an integer: -1 means not to search, 0 means  to  try
              the host's domain itself, 1 means to also try the domain's imme-
              diate parent, and so forth.  The library's usual  mechanism  for
              locating  Kerberos  realms is used to determine whether a domain
              is  a  valid  realm,  which  may  involve  consulting   DNS   if
              dns_lookup_kdc is set.  The default is not to search domain com-
              ponents.
       renew_lifetime
              (duration string.)  Sets the default renewable lifetime for ini-
              tial ticket requests.  The default value is 0.
       safe_checksum_type
              An  integer  which specifies the type of checksum to use for the
              KRB-SAFE requests.  By default it is set to  8  (RSA  MD5  DES).
              For  compatibility  with applications linked against DCE version
              1.1 or earlier Kerberos libraries, use a value of 3 to  use  the
              RSA  MD4  DES  instead.  This field is ignored when its value is
              incompatible with the session key type.  See the  kdc_req_check-
              sum_type  configuration option for the possible values and their
              meanings.
       ticket_lifetime
              (duration string.)  Sets the default lifetime for initial ticket
              requests.  The default value is 1 day.
       udp_preference_limit
              When  sending  a  message to the KDC, the library will try using
              TCP before UDP if the size of the message is  above  udp_prefer-
              ence_limit.    If   the  message  is  smaller  than  udp_prefer-
              ence_limit, then UDP will be tried before  TCP.   Regardless  of
              the  size,  both  protocols  will  be tried if the first attempt
              fails.
       verify_ap_req_nofail
              If this flag is true, then an attempt to verify initial  creden-
              tials  will  fail  if the client machine does not have a keytab.
              The default value is false.
   [realms]
       Each tag in the [realms] section of the file is the name of a  Kerberos
       realm.  The value of the tag is a subsection with relations that define
       the properties of that particular realm.  For each realm, the following
       tags may be specified in the realm's subsection:
       admin_server
              Identifies  the host where the administration server is running.
              Typically, this is the master Kerberos server.  This tag must be
              given a value in order to communicate with the kadmind(8) server
              for the realm.
       auth_to_local
              This tag allows you to set a general rule for mapping  principal
              names  to  local user names.  It will be used if there is not an
              explicit mapping for the principal name  that  is  being  trans-
              lated. The possible values are:
              RULE:exp
                     The local name will be formulated from exp.
                     The    format   for   exp   is   [n:string](regexp)s/pat-
                     tern/replacement/g.  The integer  n  indicates  how  many
                     components  the  target  principal  should have.  If this
                     matches, then a string will be formed from  string,  sub-
                     stituting  the realm of the principal for $0 and the n'th
                     component of the principal for $n (e.g., if the principal
                     was  johndoe/admin  then  [2:$2$1foo] would result in the
                     string adminjohndoefoo).  If this string matches  regexp,
                     then the s//[g] substitution command will be run over the
                     string.  The optional g will cause the substitution to be
                     global  over  the  string,  instead of replacing only the
                     first match in the string.
              DEFAULT
                     The principal name will be used as the local  user  name.
                     If the principal has more than one component or is not in
                     the default realm, this rule is not  applicable  and  the
                     conversion will fail.
              For example:
                 [realms]
                     ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
                         auth_to_local = RULE:[2:$1](johndoe)s/^.*$/guest/
                         auth_to_local = RULE:[2:$1;$2](^.*;admin$)s/;admin$//
                         auth_to_local = RULE:[2:$2](^.*;root)s/^.*$/root/
                         auto_to_local = DEFAULT
                     }
              would  result in any principal without root or admin as the sec-
              ond component to be translated with the default rule.  A princi-
              pal  with a second component of admin will become its first com-
              ponent.  root will be used as the local name for  any  principal
              with  a  second  component  of root.  The exception to these two
              rules are any principals johndoe/*, which will  always  get  the
              local name guest.
       auth_to_local_names
              This subsection allows you to set explicit mappings from princi-
              pal names to local user names.  The tag is the mapping name, and
              the value is the corresponding local user name.
       default_domain
              This  tag  specifies  the  domain  used to expand hostnames when
              translating Kerberos 4 service principals to Kerberos 5  princi-
              pals  (for  example, when converting rcmd.hostname to host/host-
              name.domain).
       http_anchors
              When KDCs and kpasswd servers are accessed through  HTTPS  prox-
              ies, this tag can be used to specify the location of the CA cer-
              tificate which should be trusted to issue the certificate for  a
              proxy  server.  If left unspecified, the system-wide default set
              of CA certificates is used.
              The syntax for values is similar  to  that  of  values  for  the
              pkinit_anchors tag:
              FILE: filename
              filename is assumed to be the name of an OpenSSL-style ca-bundle
              file.
              DIR: dirname
              dirname is assumed to be an directory which contains CA certifi-
              cates.   All  files  in  the directory will be examined; if they
              contain certificates (in PEM format), they will be used.
              ENV: envvar
              envvar specifies the name of an environment variable  which  has
              been  set  to  a value conforming to one of the previous values.
              For  example,  ENV:X509_PROXY_CA,  where  environment   variable
              X509_PROXY_CA has been set to FILE:/tmp/my_proxy.pem.
       kdc    The  name or address of a host running a KDC for that realm.  An
              optional port number, separated from the hostname  by  a  colon,
              may  be  included.   If the name or address contains colons (for
              example, if it is an IPv6 address), enclose it in square  brack-
              ets  to  distinguish  the colon from a port separator.  For your
              computer to be able to communicate with the KDC for each  realm,
              this  tag  must be given a value in each realm subsection in the
              configuration file, or there must be DNS SRV records  specifying
              the KDCs.
       kpasswd_server
              Points  to  the  server  where all the password changes are per-
              formed.  If there is no such entry, DNS will be queried  (unless
              forbidden   by   dns_lookup_kdc).   Finally,  port  464  on  the
              admin_server host will be tried.
       master_kdc
              Identifies the master KDC(s).  Currently, this tag  is  used  in
              only one case: If an attempt to get credentials fails because of
              an invalid password, the client software will attempt to contact
              the  master  KDC,  in  case  the  user's  password has just been
              changed, and the updated database has not been propagated to the
              slave servers yet.
       v4_instance_convert
              This subsection allows the administrator to configure exceptions
              to the default_domain mapping rule.  It  contains  V4  instances
              (the tag name) which should be translated to some specific host-
              name (the tag value) as the second component in  a  Kerberos  V5
              principal name.
       v4_realm
              This  relation  is used by the krb524 library routines when con-
              verting a V5 principal name to a V4 principal name.  It is  used
              when  the  V4 realm name and the V5 realm name are not the same,
              but still share the same principal names and passwords. The  tag
              value is the Kerberos V4 realm name.
   [domain_realm]
       The [domain_realm] section provides a translation from a domain name or
       hostname to a Kerberos realm name.  The tag name can be a host name  or
       domain  name,  where domain names are indicated by a prefix of a period
       (.).  The value of the relation is the Kerberos  realm  name  for  that
       particular  host  or  domain.  A host name relation implicitly provides
       the corresponding domain name relation, unless an explicit domain  name
       relation  is  provided.  The Kerberos realm may be identified either in
       the realms section or using DNS SRV records.   Host  names  and  domain
       names should be in lower case.  For example:
          [domain_realm]
              crash.mit.edu = TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU
              .dev.mit.edu = TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU
              mit.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
       maps  the host with the name crash.mit.edu into the TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU
       realm.  The second entry maps all hosts under  the  domain  dev.mit.edu
       into  the  TEST.ATHENA.MIT.EDU  realm,  but  not the host with the name
       dev.mit.edu.  That host is matched by the third entry, which  maps  the
       host mit.edu and all hosts under the domain mit.edu that do not match a
       preceding rule into the realm ATHENA.MIT.EDU.
       If no translation entry applies to a hostname used for a service  prin-
       cipal  for  a  service  ticket  request,  the library will try to get a
       referral to the appropriate realm from the client realm's KDC.  If that
       does  not  succeed, the host's realm is considered to be the hostname's
       domain portion converted to  uppercase,  unless  the  realm_try_domains
       setting in [libdefaults] causes a different parent domain to be used.
   [capaths]
       In  order  to perform direct (non-hierarchical) cross-realm authentica-
       tion, configuration is needed to  determine  the  authentication  paths
       between realms.
       A  client will use this section to find the authentication path between
       its realm and the realm of the server.  The server will use  this  sec-
       tion  to verify the authentication path used by the client, by checking
       the transited field of the received ticket.
       There is a tag for each participating client realm, and  each  tag  has
       subtags  for each of the server realms.  The value of the subtags is an
       intermediate realm which may participate in the cross-realm authentica-
       tion.  The subtags may be repeated if there is more then one intermedi-
       ate realm.  A value of  "."  means  that  the  two  realms  share  keys
       directly, and no intermediate realms should be allowed to participate.
       Only  those  entries  which  will be needed on the client or the server
       need to be present.  A client needs a tag for its local realm with sub-
       tags  for all the realms of servers it will need to authenticate to.  A
       server needs a tag for each realm of the clients it will serve, with  a
       subtag of the server realm.
       For example, ANL.GOV, PNL.GOV, and NERSC.GOV all wish to use the ES.NET
       realm as an intermediate realm.  ANL has a sub  realm  of  TEST.ANL.GOV
       which  will authenticate with NERSC.GOV but not PNL.GOV.  The [capaths]
       section for ANL.GOV systems would look like this:
          [capaths]
              ANL.GOV = {
                  TEST.ANL.GOV = .
                  PNL.GOV = ES.NET
                  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
                  ES.NET = .
              }
              TEST.ANL.GOV = {
                  ANL.GOV = .
              }
              PNL.GOV = {
                  ANL.GOV = ES.NET
              }
              NERSC.GOV = {
                  ANL.GOV = ES.NET
              }
              ES.NET = {
                  ANL.GOV = .
              }
       The [capaths] section of the configuration file used on NERSC.GOV  sys-
       tems would look like this:
          [capaths]
              NERSC.GOV = {
                  ANL.GOV = ES.NET
                  TEST.ANL.GOV = ES.NET
                  TEST.ANL.GOV = ANL.GOV
                  PNL.GOV = ES.NET
                  ES.NET = .
              }
              ANL.GOV = {
                  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
              }
              PNL.GOV = {
                  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
              }
              ES.NET = {
                  NERSC.GOV = .
              }
              TEST.ANL.GOV = {
                  NERSC.GOV = ANL.GOV
                  NERSC.GOV = ES.NET
              }
       When a subtag is used more than once within a tag, clients will use the
       order of values to determine the path.  The  order  of  values  is  not
       important to servers.
   [appdefaults]
       Each  tag  in the [appdefaults] section names a Kerberos V5 application
       or an option that is used by  some  Kerberos  V5  application[s].   The
       value of the tag defines the default behaviors for that application.
       For example:
          [appdefaults]
              telnet = {
                  ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
                      option1 = false
                  }
              }
              telnet = {
                  option1 = true
                  option2 = true
              }
              ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
                  option2 = false
              }
              option2 = true
       The  above  four ways of specifying the value of an option are shown in
       order of decreasing precedence. In this example, if telnet  is  running
       in  the  realm  EXAMPLE.COM,  it  should,  by default, have option1 and
       option2  set  to  true.   However,  a  telnet  program  in  the   realm
       ATHENA.MIT.EDU  should  have  option1  set  to false and option2 set to
       true.  Any other programs in ATHENA.MIT.EDU should have option2 set  to
       false  by  default.   Any  programs running in other realms should have
       option2 set to true.
       The list of specifiable options for each application may  be  found  in
       that  application's man pages.  The application defaults specified here
       are overridden by those specified in the realms section.
   [plugins]
          o pwqual interface
          o kadm5_hook interface
          o clpreauth and kdcpreauth interfaces
       Tags in the [plugins] section can be used to  register  dynamic  plugin
       modules  and  to  turn  modules  on  and off.  Not every krb5 pluggable
       interface uses the [plugins] section; the ones that do  are  documented
       here.
       New in release 1.9.
       Each pluggable interface corresponds to a subsection of [plugins].  All
       subsections support the same tags:
       disable
              This tag may have multiple values. If there are values for  this
              tag,  then  the named modules will be disabled for the pluggable
              interface.
       enable_only
              This tag may have multiple values. If there are values for  this
              tag,  then  only the named modules will be enabled for the plug-
              gable interface.
       module This tag may have multiple values.  Each value is  a  string  of
              the  form  modulename:pathname,  which  causes the shared object
              located at pathname to be registered as a dynamic  module  named
              modulename  for  the pluggable interface.  If pathname is not an
              absolute path, it will be  treated  as  relative  to  the  plug-
              in_base_dir value from [libdefaults].
       For pluggable interfaces where module order matters, modules registered
       with a module tag normally come first, in the  order  they  are  regis-
       tered,  followed  by  built-in modules in the order they are documented
       below.  If enable_only tags are used, then  the  order  of  those  tags
       overrides the normal module order.
       The  following subsections are currently supported within the [plugins]
       section:
   ccselect interface
       The ccselect subsection controls modules for credential cache selection
       within  a cache collection.  In addition to any registered dynamic mod-
       ules, the following built-in modules exist (and may  be  disabled  with
       the disable tag):
       k5identity
              Uses a .k5identity file in the user's home directory to select a
              client principal
       realm  Uses the service realm to guess an appropriate  cache  from  the
              collection
   pwqual interface
       The  pwqual subsection controls modules for the password quality inter-
       face, which is  used  to  reject  weak  passwords  when  passwords  are
       changed.  The following built-in modules exist for this interface:
       dict   Checks against the realm dictionary file
       empty  Rejects empty passwords
       hesiod Checks  against  user information stored in Hesiod (only if Ker-
              beros was built with Hesiod support)
       princ  Checks against components of the principal name
   kadm5_hook interface
       The kadm5_hook interface provides plugins with information on principal
       creation,  modification, password changes and deletion.  This interface
       can be used to write a plugin to synchronize MIT Kerberos with  another
       database  such  as  Active Directory.  No plugins are built in for this
       interface.
   clpreauth and kdcpreauth interfaces
       The clpreauth and kdcpreauth interfaces allow plugin modules to provide
       client  and  KDC  preauthentication mechanisms.  The following built-in
       modules exist for these interfaces:
       pkinit This module implements the PKINIT preauthentication mechanism.
       encrypted_challenge
              This module implements the encrypted challenge FAST factor.
       encrypted_timestamp
              This module implements the encrypted timestamp mechanism.
   hostrealm interface
       The hostrealm section (introduced in release 1.12) controls modules for
       the  host-to-realm  interface, which affects the local mapping of host-
       names to realm names and the choice of default  realm.   The  following
       built-in modules exist for this interface:
       profile
              This  module  consults the [domain_realm] section of the profile
              for authoritative host-to-realm mappings, and the  default_realm
              variable for the default realm.
       dns    This  module  looks  for  DNS records for fallback host-to-realm
              mappings and  the  default  realm.   It  only  operates  if  the
              dns_lookup_realm variable is set to true.
       domain This  module  applies heuristics for fallback host-to-realm map-
              pings.  It implements the realm_try_domains variable,  and  uses
              the  uppercased  parent  domain of the hostname if that does not
              produce a result.
   localauth interface
       The localauth section (introduced in release 1.12) controls modules for
       the  local  authorization  interface,  which  affects  the relationship
       between Kerberos principals and local system accounts.   The  following
       built-in modules exist for this interface:
       default
              This  module  implements the DEFAULT type for auth_to_local val-
              ues.
       rule   This module implements the RULE type for auth_to_local values.
       names  This module looks for an  auth_to_local_names  mapping  for  the
              principal name.
       auth_to_local
              This  module  processes  auth_to_local  values  in  the  default
              realm's  section,  and  applies  the  default   method   if   no
              auth_to_local values exist.
       k5login
              This  module authorizes a principal to a local account according
              to the account's .k5login(5) file.
       an2ln  This module authorizes a principal to a  local  account  if  the
              principal name maps to the local account name.
   certauth interface
       The  certauth section (introduced in release 1.16) controls modules for
       the certificate authorization interface,  which  determines  whether  a
       certificate  is allowed to preauthenticate a user via PKINIT.  The fol-
       lowing built-in modules exist for this interface:
       pkinit_san
              This module authorizes the certificate if it contains  a  PKINIT
              Subject  Alternative Name for the requested client principal, or
              a Microsoft UPN SAN matching the principal  if  pkinit_allow_upn
              is set to true for the realm.
       pkinit_eku
              This  module  rejects  the certificate if it does not contain an
              Extended   Key   Usage    attribute    consistent    with    the
              pkinit_eku_checking value for the realm.
       dbmatch
              This  module  authorizes or rejects the certificate according to
              whether it matches the pkinit_cert_match string attribute on the
              client principal, if that attribute is present.
PKINIT OPTIONS
       NOTE:
          The  following  are  PKINIT-specific  options.   These values may be
          specified  in  [libdefaults]  as  global  defaults,  or   within   a
          realm-specific  subsection  of [libdefaults], or may be specified as
          realm-specific values in the  [realms]  section.   A  realm-specific
          value overrides, not adds to, a generic [libdefaults] specification.
          The search order is:
       1. realm-specific subsection of [libdefaults]:
             [libdefaults]
                 EXAMPLE.COM = {
                     pkinit_anchors = FILE:/usr/local/example.com.crt
                 }
       2. realm-specific value in the [realms] section:
             [realms]
                 OTHERREALM.ORG = {
                     pkinit_anchors = FILE:/usr/local/otherrealm.org.crt
                 }
       3. generic value in the [libdefaults] section:
             [libdefaults]
                 pkinit_anchors = DIR:/usr/local/generic_trusted_cas/
   Specifying PKINIT identity information
       The syntax for specifying Public Key identity,  trust,  and  revocation
       information for PKINIT is as follows:
       FILE:filename[,keyfilename]
              This option has context-specific behavior.
              In  pkinit_identity or pkinit_identities, filename specifies the
              name of a PEM-format file containing the user's certificate.  If
              keyfilename is not specified, the user's private key is expected
              to be in filename as well.  Otherwise, keyfilename is  the  name
              of the file containing the private key.
              In  pkinit_anchors or pkinit_pool, filename is assumed to be the
              name of an OpenSSL-style ca-bundle file.
       DIR:dirname
              This option has context-specific behavior.
              In pkinit_identity or  pkinit_identities,  dirname  specifies  a
              directory  with files named *.crt and *.key where the first part
              of the file name is the same for matching pairs  of  certificate
              and private key files.  When a file with a name ending with .crt
              is found, a matching file ending with .key is assumed to contain
              the private key.  If no such file is found, then the certificate
              in the .crt is not used.
              In pkinit_anchors or pkinit_pool, dirname is assumed  to  be  an
              OpenSSL-style  hashed  CA directory where each CA cert is stored
              in a  file  named  hash-of-ca-cert.#.   This  infrastructure  is
              encouraged,  but all files in the directory will be examined and
              if they contain certificates (in PEM format), they will be used.
              In pkinit_revoke, dirname is  assumed  to  be  an  OpenSSL-style
              hashed  CA  directory  where each revocation list is stored in a
              file named hash-of-ca-cert.r#.  This infrastructure  is  encour-
              aged,  but  all  files  in the directory will be examined and if
              they contain a revocation list (in PEM  format),  they  will  be
              used.
       PKCS12:filename
              filename  is  the name of a PKCS #12 format file, containing the
              user's certificate and private key.
       PKCS11:[module_name=]modname[:slotid=slot-id][:token=token-label][:cer-
       tid=cert-id][:certlabel=cert-label]
              All keyword/values are optional.  modname specifies the location
              of a library implementing PKCS #11.  If a value  is  encountered
              with  no  keyword,  it is assumed to be the modname.  If no mod-
              ule-name is specified, the default is opensc-pkcs11.so.  slotid=
              and/or  token= may be specified to force the use of a particular
              smard card reader or token if there is more than one  available.
              certid=  and/or  certlabel= may be specified to force the selec-
              tion of  a  particular  certificate  on  the  device.   See  the
              pkinit_cert_match configuration option for more ways to select a
              particular certificate to use for PKINIT.
       ENV:envvar
              envvar specifies the name of an environment variable  which  has
              been  set  to  a value conforming to one of the previous values.
              For  example,   ENV:X509_PROXY,   where   environment   variable
              X509_PROXY has been set to FILE:/tmp/my_proxy.pem.
   PKINIT krb5.conf options
       pkinit_anchors
              Specifies  the  location  of  trusted anchor (root) certificates
              which the client trusts to sign KDC certificates.   This  option
              may  be  specified multiple times.  These values from the config
              file are not used if the user specifies X509_anchors on the com-
              mand line.
       pkinit_cert_match
              Specifies  matching rules that the client certificate must match
              before it is used to attempt PKINIT authentication.  If  a  user
              has  multiple  certificates  available  (on a smart card, or via
              other media), there  must  be  exactly  one  certificate  chosen
              before  attempting  PKINIT  authentication.   This option may be
              specified multiple times.  All the  available  certificates  are
              checked  against  each  rule  in order until there is a match of
              exactly one certificate.
              The Subject and Issuer  comparison  strings  are  the  RFC  2253
              string  representations  from  the  certificate  Subject  DN and
              Issuer DN values.
              The syntax of the matching rules is:
                 [relation-operator]component-rule ...
              where:
              relation-operator
                     can be either &&, meaning all component rules must match,
                     or  ||,  meaning only one component rule must match.  The
                     default is &&.
              component-rule
                     can be one of the following.  Note that there is no punc-
                     tuation or whitespace between component rules.
                        <SUBJECT>regular-expression
                        <ISSUER>regular-expression
                        <SAN>regular-expression
                        <EKU>extended-key-usage-list
                        <KU>key-usage-list

                     extended-key-usage-list  is  a  comma-separated  list  of
                     required Extended Key Usage values.  All  values  in  the
                     list  must  be  present in the certificate.  Extended Key
                     Usage values can be:
                     o pkinit
                     o msScLogin
                     o clientAuth
                     o emailProtection
                     key-usage-list is a comma-separated list of required  Key
                     Usage  values.  All values in the list must be present in
                     the certificate.  Key Usage values can be:
                     o digitalSignature
                     o keyEncipherment
              Examples:
                 pkinit_cert_match = ||<SUBJECT>.*DoE.*<SAN>.*@EXAMPLE.COM
                 pkinit_cert_match = &&<EKU>msScLogin,clientAuth<ISSUER>.*DoE.*
                 pkinit_cert_match = <EKU>msScLogin,clientAuth<KU>digitalSignature
       pkinit_eku_checking
              This option specifies what Extended Key Usage value the KDC cer-
              tificate  presented  to  the client must contain.  (Note that if
              the  KDC  certificate  has  the  pkinit   SubjectAlternativeName
              encoded  as the Kerberos TGS name, EKU checking is not necessary
              since the issuing CA has certified this as a  KDC  certificate.)
              The values recognized in the krb5.conf file are:
              kpKDC  This is the default value and specifies that the KDC must
                     have the id-pkinit-KPKdc EKU as defined in RFC 4556.
              kpServerAuth
                     If kpServerAuth is specified, a KDC certificate with  the
                     id-kp-serverAuth  EKU  will  be accepted.  This key usage
                     value is used in most commercially issued server certifi-
                     cates.
              none   If  none  is specified, then the KDC certificate will not
                     be checked to verify it has an acceptable EKU.   The  use
                     of this option is not recommended.
       pkinit_dh_min_bits
              Specifies  the  size  of  the Diffie-Hellman key the client will
              attempt to use.  The acceptable values are 1024, 2048, and 4096.
              The default is 2048.
       pkinit_identities
              Specifies  the  location(s)  to be used to find the user's X.509
              identity information.  This option  may  be  specified  multiple
              times.  Each value is attempted in order until identity informa-
              tion is found and authentication is attempted.  Note that  these
              values  are not used if the user specifies X509_user_identity on
              the command line.
       pkinit_kdc_hostname
              The presense of this option indicates that the client is willing
              to accept a KDC certificate with a dNSName SAN (Subject Alterna-
              tive Name) rather than requiring the id-pkinit-san as defined in
              RFC  4556.   This  option  may be specified multiple times.  Its
              value should contain the acceptable hostname  for  the  KDC  (as
              contained in its certificate).
       pkinit_pool
              Specifies the location of intermediate certificates which may be
              used by the client to complete the trust  chain  between  a  KDC
              certificate  and a trusted anchor.  This option may be specified
              multiple times.
       pkinit_require_crl_checking
              The default certificate verification process will  always  check
              the available revocation information to see if a certificate has
              been revoked.  If a match is found for the certificate in a CRL,
              verification  fails.   If  the certificate being verified is not
              listed in a CRL, or there is no CRL present for its issuing  CA,
              and pkinit_require_crl_checking is false, then verification suc-
              ceeds.
              However, if pkinit_require_crl_checking is true and there is  no
              CRL  information available for the issuing CA, then verification
              fails.
              pkinit_require_crl_checking should be set to true if the  policy
              is such that up-to-date CRLs must be present for every CA.
       pkinit_revoke
              Specifies  the  location  of  Certificate  Revocation List (CRL)
              information to be used by the client when verifying the validity
              of  the KDC certificate presented.  This option may be specified
              multiple times.
PARAMETER EXPANSION
       Starting   with   release   1.11,   several    variables,    such    as
       default_keytab_name, allow parameters to be expanded.  Valid parameters
       are:
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{TEMP}           | Temporary directory        |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{uid}            | Unix real UID  or  Windows |
                    |                  | SID                        |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{euid}           | Unix  effective user ID or |
                    |                  | Windows SID                |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{USERID}         | Same as %{uid}             |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{null}           | Empty string               |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{LIBDIR}         | Installation       library |
                    |                  | directory                  |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{BINDIR}         | Installation binary direc- |
                    |                  | tory                       |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{SBINDIR}        | Installation admin  binary |
                    |                  | directory                  |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{username}       | (Unix)  Username of effec- |
                    |                  | tive user ID               |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{APPDATA}        | (Windows) Roaming applica- |
                    |                  | tion data for current user |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{COMMON_APPDATA} | (Windows) Application data |
                    |                  | for all users              |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{LOCAL_APPDATA}  | (Windows)  Local  applica- |
                    |                  | tion data for current user |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{SYSTEM}         | (Windows)  Windows  system |
                    |                  | folder                     |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{WINDOWS}        | (Windows) Windows folder   |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{USERCONFIG}     | (Windows)   Per-user   MIT |
                    |                  | krb5 config file directory |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
                    |%{COMMONCONFIG}   | (Windows)  Common MIT krb5 |
                    |                  | config file directory      |
                    +------------------+----------------------------+
SAMPLE KRB5.CONF FILE
       Here is an example of a generic krb5.conf file:
          [libdefaults]
              default_realm = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
              dns_lookup_kdc = true
              dns_lookup_realm = false
          [realms]
              ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
                  kdc = kerberos.mit.edu
                  kdc = kerberos-1.mit.edu
                  kdc = kerberos-2.mit.edu
                  admin_server = kerberos.mit.edu
                  master_kdc = kerberos.mit.edu
              }
              EXAMPLE.COM = {
                  kdc = kerberos.example.com
                  kdc = kerberos-1.example.com
                  admin_server = kerberos.example.com
              }
          [domain_realm]
              mit.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
          [capaths]
              ATHENA.MIT.EDU = {
                     EXAMPLE.COM = .
              }
              EXAMPLE.COM = {
                     ATHENA.MIT.EDU = .
              }
FILES
       /etc/krb5.conf
SEE ALSO
       syslog(3)
AUTHOR
       MIT
COPYRIGHT
       1985-2017, MIT


1.15.1                                                            KRB5.CONF(5)